Physiographic Environments of New Zealand

Integrating landscape process knowledge with water chemistry to understand how and why surface water quality varies across New Zealand

Project Details Ngā taipitopito

Project Status:
Completed
Challenge funding:
$100,000
Research duration:
July 2017 – December 2019

Collaborators Ngā haumi

Auckland Council | Bay of Plenty Regional Council | Envirolink | Environment Canterbury | Environment Southland | Horizons Regional Council | Land & Water Science | Northland Regional Council | Waikato Regional Council | Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management

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What are we doing?E aha ana mātou?

Water composition and quality varies widely between regions and catchments around New Zealand, even where there are similar land uses and pressures on the surrounding land. This is due to the influence of natural landscape features, which can account for more than twice the variability in water quality than land use alone. Therefore, it’s important to include landscape attributes in explanations for water quality outcomes.

Physiographic science works ‘backwards’, using water composition to trace the water’s journey back through the landscape to understand the landscape controls over water composition, and hence quality.

Physiographic Environments of New Zealand (PENZ) researchers are using national and regional water composition and quality data sets, in conjunction with existing geospatial layers, to map and numerically model the processes that control the spatial variability of water. The method brings together data for climate, topography, geology, soils, and hydrological controls with analytical chemistry at a national scale.

How can the research be used? Ka pēhea e whai take ai te rangahau?

  • Regional and district councils (Northland, Auckland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Horizons, Canterbury, Southland) are sharing data and collaborating to develop and apply the physiographic approach to their regions.
  • Physiographic outputs have been loaded into Northland Regional Council’s ESRI Collector software suite in order to support the council’s farm, forestry and biodiversity extension teams in the field.
  • An aligned MPI Sustainable Farming Fund project, Farmer Interface for Physiographic Environments, is underway to provide physiographic maps to farmers. A web-based map is being co-developed with a wide range of collaborators including farmers and industry representatives: Foundation of Arable Research, Deer Industry New Zealand, Ravensdown, Ballance Agri-Nutrients, Living Water, Southland Economic Development Agency, Environment Southland. The key aim is to educate farmers on how contaminants (N, P, sediment and faecal microbes) leave their land so that they can make well-informed land use decisions to reduce losses.
  • Fonterra farm extension advisors are using the method to tailor their evolved Sustainable Dairying Programme (Tiaki). Specifically, calibrating farm extension initiatives to the physiographic setting, in order to implement the most effective and least cost steps towards minimising environmental contamination from farms.
  • A collaboration with Living Water (a Fonterra and Department of Conservation partnership) allowed the research team to apply the physiographic method to the Waituna Catchment. This work enabled a significant amount of method development to be undertaken and tested. Fonterra has now incorpoarted physiographic information into the Tiaki Farm Source model within the Waituna Catchment, in order to provide more targeted advice to its suppliers and inform farm environment plans.
  • Physiographic science is now being taught through Lincoln University’s third-year soil science course.

Research team Te hunga i whai wāhi mai

Research Lead
Clint Rissmann
Land and Water Science
Project Manager
Lisa Pearson
Land and Water Science
Matt Couldrey
Land and Water Science
Jessie Lindsay
Land and Water Science

Tools & resources Ngā utauta me ngā rauemi

Interactive Tool

LandscapeDNA

The LandscapeDNA information hub gives you access to the Physiographic Environment Classification developed with funding from Our Land and Water. Interactive maps allow you to…
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Video

Landscape DNA Webinar for Rural Professionals

This webinar for NZIPIM demonstrates the LandscapeDNA website, an interactive tool to help farmers and their advisors view their land from different perspectives and understand…
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Presentation

Physiographic Environments of NZ: An integrated landscape classification for understanding variation in water quality

New Zealand Soil Science Society Conference, December 2018
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Guidance

Towards a Physiographic Map: Information for Regional Councils

Physiographic Environments of New Zealand research is developing a cost-effective technique to measure and map (as an integrated physiographic layer) how features of the natural…
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Presentation

Integrated Landscape Mapping of Water Quality Controls for Farm Planning

Farm environmental planning – Science, policy and practice, February 2018
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Presentation

The missing link to better target on-farm practices to address water quality?

Public lecture, Lincoln University, September 2017
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Academic outputs He whakaputanga ngaio

Journal Article

A hydrochemically guided landscape classification system for modelling spatial variation in multiple water quality indices: Process-attribute mapping

Spatial variation in landscape attributes can account for much of the variability in water quality relative to land use on its own. Such variation results…
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Technical Report

Application of Physiographic Science to the Northland Region: Preliminary Hydrological and Redox Process-Attribute Layers

Water quality outcomes can vary spatially across the landscape, even when there are similar land use pressures. These differences are often the result of natural…
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Technical Report

Evaluation of the physiographic method for the Tasman Region

The work undertaken in this project provides Tasman District Council with a foundation for which the physiographic approach can be applied within the region. The…
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Technical Report

Advice for application of the physiographic method to the West Coast Region

Land and Water Science Ltd. was contracted to provide services to West Coast Regional Council through an Envirolink Small Advice Grant. The aim of the…
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Technical Report

Integrated landscape mapping of water quality controls for farm planning – applying a physiographic approach to the Waituna Catchment, Southland

Living Water (a Fonterra and Department of Conservation partnership) commissioned a high-resolution physiographic assessment of the Waituna Catchment, Southland, to support water quality and biodiversity…
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Technical Report

Evaluation of geospatial datasets and recognition of landscape gradients specific to water quality

This study evaluates the landscape relationships and suitability of existing geospatial datasets for the purposes of mapping physiographic water quality units for the Northland region.…
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In the media Mai i te ao pāpaho

Dairy Farmer, 17 May 2022
Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, December 2018
The physiographic approach was identified as a novel approach to provide useful information about the vulnerability of the land, and help indicate appropriate land-use management (p114)
The PENZ research team were finalists in the Environment and Sustainability section of the New Zealand Spatial Excellence Awards 2018
Rural Life in Otago Daily Times, 15 March 2023

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